Hayatnotlari.com giri? adresi güncellendi – Yeni giri? adresi – hayatnotlari.com Türkiye

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Hayatnotlari.com giri? adresi kaç oldu? Yeni güncel giri? adresi – hayatnotlari.com Türkiye

Hayatnotlari.com giri? adresi güncellendi – Yeni giri? adresi – hayatnotlari.com Türkiye

Günlük ya?am?m?zda kar??la?t???m?z sorunlara pratik çözümler arayan bir toplumuz. Bazen hayat bizi zorlu durumlara sokabilir; i?, aile, sa?l?k gibi konularda bilgiye ve yard?ma ihtiyaç duyabiliriz. Neyse ki, hayat?n her alan?nda rehberlik eden Türkiye’nin önde gelen platformu olan Hayatnotlari.com burada!

Hayatnotlari.com size de?erli ipuçlar? sunarak, günlük ya?am?n?zdaki karma?ay? azaltman?za yard?mc? olur. ?ster evde ister çal??mada olsun, her ad?mda sizi do?ru yönlendirmek için buraday?z. Güvenilir kaynaklar ve uzman yazarlar?m?z taraf?ndan haz?rlanan içeriklerimizle, size en yeni ve etkili stratejileri sunmay? hedefliyoruz.

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Pin-Up Application Download

Pin-Up Application Download

An unique Pin-Up application has actually been created to make it easy to use the gambling establishment on a smart phone. It can be used on both Android and iOS devices. To discover the capability of the Pin-Up app and the features of its operation, please see this post.

The Pin-Up app is lightly decorated with accent areas in black, red and green. The user interface of the app has added controls that make it simpler to navigate with the areas and tabs of the gambling enterprise. The app is flexible, so it can quickly adjust to the screen size of any smart phone.

The capability of the mobile app does not differ from the computer variation. Utilizing Pin-Up app, you can easily register, log in, make a deposit, withdraw funds and play a great deal of betting ready cash.

The light-weight user interface and creative functionality permit the application to work continuously despite a low internet link rate.

All users can use the application totally free after downloading and installation.

Setting Up Pin-Up APK on Android

For a secure operation of the Pin-Up application, the Android smartphone on which the utility will be installed must fulfill the complying with minimum requirements:

  • Android version – 5.0 or higher;
  • Cpu rate – 1 GHz
  • 1 GB main memory; – 1 GB inner memory;
  • Internal memory – 50 MEGABYTES.

The Pin-Up application can not be installed from the main Google Play application shop.Read about Pin Up bet app download At website Because the law bans programmers to put applications with betting on this site. Therefore, you can only download and install the application for your Android device from the main Pin-Up website. To do this, follow 3 steps:

  1. Open up a mobile web browser on your mobile phone and use it to see the Pin-Up casino site website.
  2. On the home page of the website, there is a food selection in the top left corner. When you expand it, the “ Applications area of the site will certainly appear and you need to head to it
  3. . On the page that opens up, an APK data is available. You require to download it to your tool.

After downloading and install the APK documents of Pin-Up application we will install it on the Android gadget according to the guidelines:

  1. Prior to running the installation file, you require to permit the setup of programs from unknown resources in the settings of your mobile phone.
  2. After that you require to run the APK documents and, complying with the instructions of the application, install it on your smart device.
  3. After installing Pin-Up, you will obtain a shortcut on the home display, which you can make use of to launch the application rapidly.
  4. You can start making use of Pin-Up mobile casino immediately after registering or, if an account has already been produced, you just require to visit with your username and password.

Mounting Pin-Up on iOS

In order for the Pin-Up application to work properly on an apple iphone, the iphone gadget must meet the complying with minimum needs

  • iphone variation 8.0 or greater;
  • processor regularity – 1 GHz;
  • 1 GB of RAM;
  • inner memory – 10 MEGABYTES.

To download the Pin-Up application on your iOS tool, you require to visit the official website of the casino site by means of a mobile internet browser. After that the treatment will certainly be as adheres to:

  1. In the “ Applications section, you “need to choose the Download Pin-Up app& for iphone &
  2. alternative. The individual will be redirected to the App Store.
  3. To set up the Pin-Up mobile application, simply click the “ Install
  4. button. When the procedure is finished, a Pin-Up faster way will certainly show up on the mobile phone’& rsquo; s home display to launch the app.
  5. You can utilize the gambling establishment application instantly after visiting or signing up.

Upgrading the Pin-Up application

All new Pin-Up functions and features will be offered as soon as possible, so that you can maintain the app up to day with new features and features. For iphone tools, the upgrade is done immediately through the Application Store.

If you have an Android gizmo, you will require to upgrade the Pin-Up application yourself. To do this, you need to examine the main website in the “ Applications area to see if a new version of the energy has actually been launched. If it is already readily available, you simply require to download and install the APK data and install it on your device.

Mobile version of Pin-Up website

The internet variation of Pin-Up website is convenient for those customers that can not install the application on a mobile device because of non-compliance with the system demands. In addition, the mobile variation of the website does not require to be downloaded and install and mounted on the device as the app does.

For convenience of use, the web variation has an adaptive style. This allows web pages to adjust completely to the display dimension of the tool. Additionally, they are equipped with added control buttons for very easy one-handed navigating.

The capability of Pin-Up mobile web variation has not been lowered. As a result, all video games, betting types and monetary deals are offered to the wagerer.

Discount Codes and Benefits in the Application

Pin-Up’& rsquo; s in-app bookmaker offers its new and regular customers specifically the very same incentives as on the site.

For new consumers, the casino uses a nice welcome benefit of approximately 450,000 Indian rupees and an added 250 free ports rotates.

For regular customers, the most helpful bonus offers are considered to be in the birthday offer, commitment programme, in addition to in the Free Spins, Weekly Cashback, and Win-Loss Lotto promotions.

To read more regarding all sort of bonus offers and their application, please describe the Incentives area of the official web site or the Pin-Up application.

Customer service Pin-Up App

The Pin-Up client support group respects the passions of Pin-Up clients. That is why it is readily available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 7 days a week with no interruptions, and is always prepared to assist. Operators will answer all your concerns in the most useful way feasible and in the shortest possible time.

On the Pin-Up Contact us web page you will discover right you can call Pin-Up.

What Is So Fascinating About Marijuana News?

What Is So Fascinating About Marijuana News?

The Meaning of Marijuana News

If you’re against using Cannabis as you do not need to smoke you’re misinformed. As there is barely any cannabis left in a roach, some people today argue that the song is all about running out of cannabis and not having the ability to acquire high, exactly like the roach isn’t able to walk because it’s missing a leg. If you’re thinking about consuming cannabis please consult your health care provider first. Before visiting test.com the list, it’s important to be aware of the scientific reason cannabis works as a medication generally, and more specifically, the scientific reason it can send cancer into remission. At the moment, Medical Cannabis was still being used to take care of several health-related problems. In modern society, it is just starting to receive the recognition it deserves when it comes to treating diseases such as Epilepsy.

In nearly all the nation, at the present time, marijuana is illegal. To comprehend what marijuana does to the brain first you’ve got to know the key chemicals in marijuana and the various strains. If you are a person who uses marijuana socially at the occasional party, then you likely do not have that much to be concerned about. If you’re a user of medicinal marijuana, your smartphone is possibly the very first place you start looking for your community dispensary or a health care provider. As an issue of fact, there are just a few types of marijuana that are psychoactive. Medical marijuana has entered the fast-lane and now in case you reside in Arizona you can purchase your weed without leaving your vehicle. Medical marijuana has numerous therapeutic effects which will need to be dealt with and not only the so-called addictive qualities.

If you’re using marijuana for recreational purposes begin with a strain with a minimal dose of THC and see the way your body reacts. Marijuana is simpler to understand because it is both criminalized and decriminalized, based on the place you go in the nation. If a person is afflicted by chronic depression marijuana can directly affect the Amygdala that is accountable for your emotions.

marijuana news

Much enjoy the wine industry was just two or three decades past, the cannabis business has an image problem that’s keeping people away. In the event you want to learn where you are able to find marijuana wholesale companies near you, the very best place to seek out such companies is our site, Weed Finder. With the cannabis industry growing exponentially, and as more states start to legalize, individuals are beginning to learn that there is far more to cannabis than simply a plant that you smoke. In different states, the work of legal marijuana has produced a patchwork of banking and tax practices. Then the marijuana sector is ideal for you.

Marijuana News for Dummies

Know what medical cannabis options can be found in your state and the way they respond to your qualifying medical condition. They can provide medicinal benefits, psychotropic benefits, and any combination of both, and being able to articulate what your daily responsibilities are may help you and your physician make informed, responsible decisions regarding the options that are appropriate for you, thus protecting your employment, your family and yourself from untoward events. In the modern society, using drugs has become so prevalent it has come to be a component of normal life, irrespective of age or gender. Using marijuana in the USA is growing at a quick rate.

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??? ?????? ? 3 Lucky Rainbows ? ??????-??????

??? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ???, ??? ?????? ? 3 Lucky Rainbows ? ??????-??????.

1. ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? Zooma ??????.

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3. ???????? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ?? ?????? ????????? ??????.

4. ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? Spin, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????.

?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? 3 Lucky Rainbows ? ???????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ??????????.

??? ???????? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ? ??????

???? 3 Lucky Rainbows – ??? ?????????? ??????-????, ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???, ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???. ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????.

? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????, ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????????, ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????.

? ?????, ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????, ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????.

??? ???????? ????????? ? ??????-???? 3 Lucky Rainbows

? ??????-???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ????????? – ??? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????????.

???????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????.

???????????? ??????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

## ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows

### ????? ??????? ?????? (RTP) ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows?
?????: ??????? ?????? (RTP) ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ?????????? 96,5%.

### ????? ???????????? ??????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows?
?????: ???????????? ??????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ?????????? ?? 5000 ??? ??????.

### ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows?
?????: ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows.

### ???? ?? ? ?????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ?? ???????? ???????
?????: ??, ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????????? ??????-??????.

### ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows?
?????: ??, ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????.

### ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows?
?????: ? ???? 3 Lucky Rainbows ????? ??????? ?? 25 ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????.

Finest Online Dating Sites Based on In-Depth Reviews

Finest Online Dating Sites Based on In-Depth Reviews

ZOOSK EVALUATION

With more than 35 million participants and a mobile application readily available for iOS and Android, Zoosk allows its customers to get to a variety of people with comparable interests and pursuits. As an on the internet dating platform that’ s available in more than 80 nations all over the world, Zoosk is a global service that recognizes no borders.

Zoosk belongs to the Triggers Network household of service and has an A+ ranking with the BBB. Nevertheless, its Trustpilot rating is a poor 2.22 out of 5, with a number of customer testimonials whining about fake accounts and undesirable messages.

SUBSCRIPTION TERM LENGTHS FOR EVERY SINGLE CHOICE

Zook uses four membership deals: twelve months, six months, three months, or one month. Rates vary accordingly and customers can select whether to make a single payment or pay each plan on a per month basis. The present subscription deals are: $99.99 for a one year plan (or $8.33 per month), $65.99 for a six month strategy (or $11.00 per month), $59.95 for a three month plan (or $19.98 per month), or $29.95 for a one month plan.

Participants can sign up for free to sneak peek the site and surf its functions. By doing this, potential consumers can obtain a concept of exactly how the internet site functions and view its members. Consumers can pick to subscribe to be able to message various other members and learn more about them.

COMPATIBILITY IS EVERY LITTLE THING

To better assist your chances in discovering the best individual, Zoosk utilizes its SmartPick function which evaluates the compatibility in between its members.follow the link https://dating999.com/ At our site The feature learns from your like and disapproval votes so that it can improve the suggestions it gives. Addressing the SmartPick study and continuously voting on member profiles will certainly better enhance your future recommendations. There are lots of various other attributes on the site, such as Slide Carousel, Super Send Out, Great Dates, and Zooks Live that help you reach more people or better connect with interested members.

HELP IS ON THE METHOD

For those new to online dating or that may require reminders in browsing the current dating scene, Zoosk supplies its recommendations system The Date Mix. Including areas on dating ideas, relationships and the solitary life, The Date Mix seeks to supply reminders and suggestions on exactly how to approach an interested individual, tasks to do together, and points to state to get a discussion going.

ELITE SINGLES EVALUATION

EliteSingles is an on the internet matching solution that aims to connect suitable partners for a lasting, significant relationship. Making use of a substantial survey to determine personal preferences in partners and sorts of partnership, EliteSingles strives to help hectic specialists find the match they’ ve been searching for

. EliteSingles belongs to Spark Networks Providers GmbH, among Europe’ s leading on the internet match-making provider. The solution is available in the U.S., U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and South Africa.

THE MATCH-MAKING PROCESS AND HOW IT FUNCTIONS

EliteSingles utilizes a coordinating process based on a five aspect personality set of questions that members submit during their first registration process. Suits are based on the solution to the set of questions and each private'’ s search preferences. The solution considers an entire range of demographic data to find better suits according to personal preferences. The set of questions asks questions concerning sex, race, age, education and learning level, and career, along with even more pointed questions about what each participant is seeking in a relationship. This includes concerns concerning plans on having a family in the future and the importance of a companion'’ s religious beliefs. Using this information, EliteSingles attempts to locate the best match for you.

The service also provides regional dating guides to aid singles in specific cities find matches closer to them.

MEMBERSHIP ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSCRIPTION PREPARES

Clients can sign up with EliteSingles as basic participants to evaluate out the service and appreciate several cost-free features, including outcomes of your character test, tips for possible companions, picture uploading, and the ability to send out smiles and likes to other participants (yet not messages).

In order to access added attributes and perks, participants have to sign up for a Premium subscription plan. Premium participants can get additional details concerning their individuality test results, obtain even more companion ideas, view their Profile sees, unrestricted sending out and receiving of messages with various other participants, access to images, the capacity to leave messages on various other’ s profiles and pictures, and accessibility to the Have You Met? attribute that supplies up to 20 suits every day.

Premium services come in three subscription term lengths, with longer subscriptions affording greater financial savings. A 12-month Costs membership costs $31.95, a six-month plan is $44.95, and a three-month membership costs $57.95. Every one of these are billed as an one-time settlement at the beginning of the registration term.

PROTECTION AND PERSONAL PRIVACY AS A TOP PRIORITY

A vital facet of online dating is maintaining a complacency and privacy. EliteSingles veterinarians all dating profiles to guarantee that actual individuals are utilizing the service, eliminating non-active participants and those with dubious tasks. The business validates the authenticity of the account and makes use of fraudulence discovery systems and SSL encryption to ensure that each participant’ s information is safe. Further, the company mentions it does not share or offer your information to 3rd parties.

As an extra procedure for maintaining a secure site, the company offers write-ups with practical guidance on just how to enjoy on-line dating safely, providing dos and put on’ ts on how to engage with other participants and what type of information should not be shared.

SILVER SINGLES EVALUATION

As an on the internet dating service particularly created for singles aged 50 and up, SilverSingles gives a matchmaking procedure focused on attaching participants who share similar rate of interests and expectations with a simple web interface and mobile application. Starting in 2002, SilverSingles has actually been a leading firm in over 50 online dating and is currently offered for singles in the U.S., Canada, U.K., Australia, France, and Germany.

DESIGNED FOR THE FULLY GROWN DATING SCENE

Registering on SilverSingles is an uncomplicated and simple procedure. Clients develop an account and a dating account followed by a comprehensive personality examination that determines your individual preferences in partners and connections. The survey is based on a five-factor version that uses mental approaches to analyze characters. The answers to these concerns will assist the service’ s algorithm attach you with one of the most compatible older and mature suits readily available. The website states that it presents you with 3 to seven matches a day.

COSTS PRICES FOR A COSTS SOLUTION

Clients that register are automatically signed up in SilverSingles’ free Fundamental subscription. While the basic package does not include most of the rewards of a paid subscription, it does permit the customer to get a sense of how the solution jobs and the kind of members you can meet.

When you’ re prepared to relocate onto fulfilling new individuals, SilverSingles offers its Premium alternative, a paid membership that enables you to access the solution’ s complete features. This includes endless interaction with other costs participants, reviewed invoices to understand when a person has seen your message, a search function to surf more member profiles, as well as the capability to produce a much more thorough individual profile.

Costs plans can be bought in twelve, 6, and three month choices, with costs on the higher end of on-line dating services. The 12-month package prices $27.95 a month, the six-month bundle is $37.95 a month, and the three-month alternative is $49.95 a month.

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?????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????. ? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????, ????????????? ?? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????. ????????? CBDC ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????. ???, ? ???? ???????, ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????.

?????????? ??????? ???? Bitcoin

? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????. ? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ???????????? (?????? ? ?? ????????) ? ??????????? ? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??? ????. ? 2017 ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????, ???????? ??????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????, IT-????????, ????????????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????.

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???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????. ? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? — ??? ????????????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????. ???????????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ???????-????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ? ?? ????????????? ??????, ???????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ? ?.?. ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????.

??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????. ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ? ?????????? ????????. ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? 2008 ????. ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????, ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? — ??????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ? VII ????, ?? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ??? (960–1279 ??.). ??? ????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????.

?????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????????, ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? – ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????. ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?, ??? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?? ???, ? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? https://coinranking.info/ ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????. ?? ???????? ?? ??, ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ????????? ?????????. ????????, ?????? 2020 ???? ? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ????????? COVID-19, ?????????? ????? ????????? ? S&P 500 ???????? ?????????? ????????? – 0,92.

??? ??????? CBDC (?????? ? ????, ???????, ??????????) ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????. ????? ??? ? ?????????? ? ???????????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????. ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ????????????, ?? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????, ???? ????? ? ???????. ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ?????????.

?? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????, ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????????, ?? ????? ????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????????, ?? ????? ???? ???????? — ?? ??, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????????????? ? ???????, ????????? ??????? ????? — ?????? ??????? ? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? VIII ?????, ??? ????????? ? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???[16]. ??????? ???????? «????????» ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ????? X ????[17]. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????????[16].

???????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????. ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????. ??? ?? ?????, ????????, ??? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???. ????????, ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????, ? ??? ????????? – ? ??????? ???????. ?? ????????? ? ??????, ? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? — ????????????? ?????????????.

??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????, ????????? ? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????. ? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? «??????? ??????».

?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????, ? ? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? FIAT ??????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????????? ????????. FIAT ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????, ? ? 1912 ???? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????[4].

? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ? ?. ????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? (CBDC), ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? «??????? ??????» ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????, ????????? ? ??? ? ????????? ???????? XIX ????[9]. ?? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????, ?? ???????? ?????????, ? ???????, ? ??????? ??? ???? ? ??? ????????, ?????? ???????????? ? ??? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????.

??? ?? ?????, ? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? «??????? ??????» ????????????? ????, ???? ?????????? ??. ? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????, ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????????. ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ? ?????? ???????, ????????????, ????? ??? Bitcoin ? Ethereum, ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????.

???????? ?? ??? ???????????, ? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????. ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. Fiat ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????????????. ? ?? ?? ?????, ??????, ????????? ? ??????????????, ?????????????? ? ?????????? ???????????, ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ????????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????.

??? ???????? ??????, ????????? ??? «????????», ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ? XX ???? ? ??? ???????????? ????????? ? 1971 ????, ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????-????. ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????. ??? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????.

?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????, ?? ???????, ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ????. ??????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ? ?????. ??? ?????? ? ????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ? ?? ??????????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?? ???????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ? ????? ? 11 ????, ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???.

??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????, ???????? ? ??? ????????, ?????????? ?????? ? ??????. ?????? ??? ? XX ???? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????. ??????? ????? ???????????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ? ???????. ????? «fiat» ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? «?? ????? ???», ? «fiducia» ???????? «???????». ?? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ??? ? ??????? ???????, ??????, ????? ? ? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??. ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ? ???? ???????????? ??????????.

  1. ??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????, ???????? ? ??? ????????, ?????????? ?????? ? ??????.
  2. ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???????.
  3. ????? ???????????, ??? ????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????.
  4. ? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????? ? ?????????????, ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????.
  5. ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ????, ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???, ????????, ????????? ??????.

?? ??????????? ????? ????????, ? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????. ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????, ? ???????? ??????, ?? ???? ? ??????. 10 ???? ???? ?????? 5 ????, ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????.

?????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? 2,1 ???? ????.[23][24] ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????[25]. ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? – ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ? ???????, ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? Bitcoin ?? RUB ?? ????? ?????????. ???????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????? (??????, ????????? ?????, ????????, ????????? ??????) ? ???????? ?????????? ????.

? ???????, ????????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????????. ? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????.

?? ? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? – ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ??????-?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ? ???????? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????, ???????, ????????.

?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????, ??????????? ?????????????, ????? ??? ?????? ???, ????, ????? ? ??????. ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ? ???? ???????????. ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ??????[16]. ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????, ? ??? ????? ????? ? ????????? ??????, ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????.

? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ??????, ????? ??? ???????, ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ? ????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ? ????????.

??? ??? ???????? ? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. ????, ??? ???????? ?????? — ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????-???? ????????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ??????. ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? — ?????????? ????? ? ??????, ?????? ??? ? ???, ???? ? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ?????????????? ? ??????.

??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ????????, ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ????????????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ???????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ?????????????, ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????????????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????, ????? ????????? ???????-????????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????.

? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ????????????? ????

Java — ??? ?????????????????? ???? ????????????????, ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????????. ? Java ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????????. ????? ???????? ? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? HTML-????????, ????? ???????? ???????? ? ????, ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????? web optimization ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? HTML, CSS ? JavaScript — ??? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ????????-??????????. ????????? ????????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????????, ???? Python? ??????????? ??? ????? Django — ??????????????????? ???-?????????, ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????.

????????, ? ??????? ?? Python ?? ?++ ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????, ???????? ??? ?????????????. ???? ???????????????? ?++ ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ? ????? 20 ????. ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ???????????? ????????????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????. Simula sixty seven ???? ?????? ???????, ?? ??????? ??????? ????????, BCPL — ??????????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? IT-????????. ? ???? ?????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ?++ ????????????, ??? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ????????. ????? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ? ???? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ???????????? ? ???? ???????.

??? ????? ?????????, ??????, DNS, IP-??????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???????????????. ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???, ??????? ?? ????? ?????? 5 ????????? ?????? 15 ????? ?? ??????????? I9. ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???????

? ??? ?? «??????» ??????? Qt — ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??. ??????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??. ??? ????????, ????? ????? ?????????? ? ????, ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????. ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????, ? ??????? ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????.

?? ???????? ??? ?????? X (?????? — ?? 100 ??????) ? ??? ?????? Y (?????? — ?? 50 ??????), ?????? ?? ? ???????. ???????? ????? — 350 ??????, ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? — one hundred ??????. ??????????? ????? ???, ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? ? ???????????? ? ???????????? ? ?????. ????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? — ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????. ? ?????????, ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????-???????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????????????, ????-?????????? ? ??????? ???????.

??? ?????? ????? ???????????

?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ????? ???? «?????????» (?? ??????????, ?? ???), ????? ???? ??????????????? (?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????). ? ??? ?? ?????????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???. ?? ?????????????? ???? ???????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ???????????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ? ??????????????, ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????. ?? ??????????? ? ????????? ????, ?????? ??? ??????????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????????.

????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ???????????????, ???????? ???????? ??? — ?? ????????? Windows ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ???, ??? ??????????? ? ?????-?? ????, ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????. ??? ??????? ??-?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?, ?????????????, ??????????.

?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ????????????

??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ???? ??????. ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????. ????????, ? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? php, Java, ruby. ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? Java Script. ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? C++.

?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????. ??? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ???, ? ??? e-mail ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????, ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????????, ???????????? ???????????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????, ?????????????? ? ?????? ??????. ???, ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????????????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????????.

??, ???? ?? ????? ??????????, ??? «?????», ?? ??-???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????????? — ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????, ?????? ???????????, ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????????? ? ??. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ?????????? ???????. ????? ???????????????? Python ? R — ???????????? ???????? ??? Data Science, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????. ????????, ??????????? ?????????, ??????? GNU ? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? Linux ???????? ?? C++.

? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??-???????, ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ? ????, ????? — ??????? ???????. ??, ??? ?????????? ?????, ????? ????? Android ????????????? ? ????, ????? ?????? ? ???????? Java, ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? Kotlin. ??? ??????? Java ???????, ??? ???????? Python ??? PHP, ?? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???-???????? ????? eBay ??? LinkedIn, ??????? ??? ??? ? ???????? ?? Java. ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????????????, ??????????? ? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ????? Java-????????????.

??? ?????? ????? ???????????

??????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????, ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????. ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? — ??? ??? ? ????. ????????????, ??? ???????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ????????????? ??. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?????, ????? ??????????? ????????????. ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????-?? ??????, ? ?? ????? «?, ???-?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ???????». ???? ???????, ????????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????, ?????????? ??? ?????.

? ??????, ????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????, ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???. ???? ???? ????? ????????? ? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? «??????» ????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????????????? ? ??????. ? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.

????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ???, Computer Science – ??? ?????, ???????????? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????, ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ????????????. ? ?????-?? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ????????????. ????? ??????????? ?? ???, ??, ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????????.

?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ???????? «??? ????? ?????????????», ???? SQL ????? ?? ?????, ? ????????. Python ????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ? ????????? ??????????, ?? ????????? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????????, ?????????????? ?? ???-??????????. ??? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???, ?? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???. ??? ????? ????? ????????????, ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ??? ???????? ????.

???????????? SQL ???????????????? ??? «????????????????? ???? ????????». ? ??????? ? PHP, ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ????????, ????? SQL ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????, ????? ???????????????? ?? ??????? — ??? MySQL, MSSQL, PostgreSQL ? ??????. ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? frontend-??????????? ?????? ??????? HTML — ???? ?????????????? ????????.

???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????????????????? ?? ????? ????????? Informatics ? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????.

?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? – ????????, ? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????????? ???????. ?????? ? ??????-????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ??, ??? ? ??????????????, ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????, ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ????, ? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????????????? ? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????? ? C ??? C++, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ?????????? ?????, ????? Python ????????????? ? ???? ?????????????? ????????, ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????.

?? ??? ???????????, ??? ????? ????? Java ????????????? ? ???? — ????????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ? ???????. ??? ????????, ????? ?????? ???-????????????? ?? JavaScript ????? ? ??????????? ?????????? Node.js. ??? ????????? ????????? JavaScript-??? ??? ???????? ?? ???????, ? ? ???????? ?????????? npm ???? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ??????????, ????? ??????-????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????. ???? ? ???????????? ????????????????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????. PHP ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???, ???? ? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????.

??????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ? ?? ???????? ??. ?????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? «??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????????????». ???????????? «??????? ?????» ? ???????????? ??????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ??? frontend-, ??? ? ??? backend-????????????????. ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????, ????, ????????, ??????? ?? ????????????? ? ?????-?? ????????? ??????? ???-?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????.

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How to Buy Index Funds: 15 Steps with Pictures

“In this scenario, the investor would research the universe of index funds available and purchase the funds they’d like to own.” Two funds may have the same investment goal — like tracking the S&P 500 — yet have management costs that can vary wildly. Those fractions of a percentage point may seem like no big deal, but your long-term investment returns can take a massive hit from the smallest fee inflation. Before you start investing in index funds, it’s important to know what you want your money to do for you.

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From humble beginnings, Kraken now offers over 200 digital assets, including Idex (IDEX). For more sophisticated investors, Kraken also offers futures and margin trading. An index fund pools money from many investors to buy a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds or other assets.

  1. Index funds can only be bought and sold at a price designated at the end of the trading day.
  2. An index fund pools money from many investors to buy a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds or other assets.
  3. In fact, the relationship between fees and returns is often reversed.
  4. An index fund is a group of stocks that aims to mirror the performance of an existing stock market index, such as the Standard & Poor’s 500 index.
  5. To  invest in index funds, start by choosing the index you want your fund to track.

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Founded in 1990, the fund’s expense ratio is competitive with other providers. However, the $2,500 minimum may be steep for beginning investors. In the race for the lowest of the low-cost index funds, this Fidelity fund made news by being among the first to charge no annual expenses. That means investors can keep all their cash invested for the long run. Whether the market is down or up, as long as you’re investing for the long-term in a well-diversified portfolio it’s as good a time as any.

of the best index funds tracking the S&P 500

And the S&P 500 has posted an average annual return of nearly 10% since 1928. Index funds come in ETF and mutual fund forms and can be invested in directly through a brokerage account. Alternatively, how to use the accelerator oscillator you can automate your index fund investing by opening an account with a robo-advisor. An index fund is a type of investment fund – either a mutual fund or an ETF – that is based on an index.

Index futures are used to speculate on the direction of price movement for an index such as the S&P 500. Investors and investment managers will also use index futures to hedge their equity positions against losses. Index futures, like all future contracts, give the trader or investor the power and the commitment to deliver the cash value based on an underlying index at a specified future date.

KuCoin is a well-known name in the industry, and one of the most competitive when it comes to fees and trading costs. The exchange has grown exponentially from its early days of offering only crypto to crypto trading. It now offers a varied range of services, including a P2P exchange capability, and purchasing with credit or debit cards. Once you have a brokerage account, you can buy shares of the index funds you’ve settled on.

When you go to purchase the fund, you may be able to select a fixed dollar amount to spend or choose a number of shares. The share price of the index fund, and your investing budget, will likely determine how much you’re willing to spend. For instance, if you have $1,000 you’d like to invest in an index fund, and the fund you’re looking at is selling for $100 a share, you’d be able to purchase 10 shares. Low costs are one of the biggest selling points of index funds. They’re cheap to run because they’re automated to follow the shifts in value in an index. For investors, an index is a group of securities, such as stocks, that are used to measure the health of the broader market.

These costs are subtracted from each fund shareholder’s returns as a percentage of their overall investment. Investors can buy funds that focus on companies with small, medium or large capital values. These indexes are perhaps less diversified than the broadest market index, but still more so than if you were to buy stock in a handful of companies within a sector. An index fund will be made up of the same investments that make up the index it tracks. This way, the performance of the index fund usually closely mirrors that of the index, with no hands-on management necessary.

Finally, Oppenheimer raised their price target on IDEX from $245.00 to $252.00 and gave the company an “outperform” rating in a report on Thursday, April 18th. Two investment analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and six have assigned a buy rating to the company. According to data from MarketBeat, the company currently has a consensus rating of “Moderate Buy” and an average target price of $250.71. One investment that has become popular in recent years is known as an index fund. Examples of an index include the Dow Industrials, the S&P 500 and the NASDAQ Composite.

An index is a preset collection of stocks (or bonds), and an index fund merely mimics the composition of the index, rather than trying to pick which stocks will outperform. So an index fund is a passively managed investment, adjusting its holdings only when the underlying index changes. The offers that appear on this site are from companies https://forexbitcoin.info/ that compensate us. But this compensation does not influence the information we publish, or the reviews that you see on this site. We do not include the universe of companies or financial offers that may be available to you. Investing is typically an ongoing practice, so you’ll need to think about your plan for buying index funds over time.

KuCoin currently offers Idex (IDEX) cryptocurrency trading as well as over 300 other popular tokens. It is often the first to offer buying opportunities for new tokens. We list the top 4 cryptocurrency exchanges that offer the ability to buy Idex (IDEX) with a credit card, debit card, or Bitcoin (BTC). If you’re reinvesting for the long term, most experts recommend you reinvest your dividends because historically dividends have been responsible for substantial investment growth. Keep in mind that index funds tracking the same index at different companies will have virtually identical holdings, so expenses should be your primary focus.

In investing, paying more doesn’t always translate into better returns. In fact, the relationship between fees and returns is often reversed. Like index funds, ETFs pool money from many investors and put the money into a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds or other assets. When investors buy shares, they receive an interest in that investment pool. While index funds do charge management fees, they are usually lower than those charged by the typical mutual fund.

Plus, they cost less, as fees for actively managed investments tend to be higher. The minimum needed depends on the fund and your broker’s policies. If your broker allows you to buy fractional shares of stock, you may be able to invest in index fund ETFs with as little as $1.

This information should not be relied upon by the reader as research or investment advice regarding any issuer or security in particular. There is no guarantee that any strategies discussed will be effective. Index funds and ETFs are very similar, but the main difference is how investors trade them on the market. An ETF is a fund that trades like a stock, so you can buy and sell them during a regular trading day. Index funds can only be bought and sold at a price designated at the end of the trading day.

Equity indexes are generally well suited to adding growth potential (and risk) to your portfolio, and the more niche your equity index, generally the more risk you’re taking on. Bond-based indexes add stability to investment portfolios and more modest returns. If you’re working with a financial advisor, they’ll help you determine the best mix of funds for your situation. If you open an account with a robo-advisor, the algorithm will suggest a strategy based on your answers to questions when you open the account. Click the link to learn what streetwise investors need to know about the metaverse and public markets before making an investment.

Generally, you’ll search for or type in the ticker symbol of the fund you want to purchase and the dollar amount you want to invest. That means you’ll want to pay attention to expense ratios, trading fees and loads. You’ll probably want to choose the index funds offered in-house by your brokerage of choice to minimize fees. Index funds, which buy a basket of assets to track the performance of indexes like the S&P 500, are investment portfolio staples due to their low-cost, diverse nature.

Python Image Processing Libraries

Next, you set the value of a set of pixels at the center of the array to 255. You can achieve dilation by using ImageFilter.MaxFilter(3), which converts a pixel to white if any of its neighbors are white. You achieve thresholding by calling .point() to convert each pixel in the grayscale image into either 255 or 0. The conversion depends on whether the value in the grayscale image is greater or smaller than the threshold value. You’ll need to remove the picture of the cat from the background using image segmentation techniques. In this example, you’ll segment the image using thresholding techniques.

Edge Detection, Edge Enhancement, and Embossing

With these libraries at their disposal, developers and researchers can tackle a wide range of image processing tasks efficiently and effectively. SimpleCV is an open-source Python library designed specifically for beginners, who is interested in computer vision and image processing tasks in Python. It offers computer vision libraries an easy-to-use interface for accessing various computer vision algorithms and functionalities, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced developers. SimpleCV provides tools for tasks such as image acquisition, processing, feature extraction, object detection, and machine learning integration.

Python Image Processing Libraries

It offers capabilities for visualizing image data, plotting histograms, displaying color maps, and overlaying annotations on images. Matplotlib’s flexibility and extensive documentation make it a valuable tool for image visualization and analysis tasks in Python-based projects. SimpleITK stands for simple Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit. It is a powerful open source library implemented in C++ and used for medical image analysis. It offers a wide range of functionalities to address various image processing challenges encountered in medical research and clinical practice.

Variables and data types

You create an empty list called square_animation, which you’ll use to store the various images that you generate. Within the for loop, you create NumPy arrays for the red, green, and blue channels, as you did in the previous section. The array containing the green layer is always the same and represents a square in the center of the image. You also convert the image into a binary mode using “1” as an argument to .convert().

Along with this, you also perform filtering, draw contour lines on images. SimpleITK, short for Simple Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit, is a comprehensive library for medical image analysis and processing. Built on top of the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK), SimpleITK provides an easy-to-use interface for performing a wide range of image processing tasks. It offers advanced algorithms https://forexhero.info/ for image registration, segmentation, filtering, and visualization, making it a powerful tool for medical imaging research, analysis, and software development. SimpleITK simplifies complex image processing workflows while maintaining high performance and accuracy, making it an invaluable resource in medical image analysis. Scikit-Image, also known as skimage, is a Python library designed for image processing tasks.

On the other hand, computer vision is a broader field that involves interpreting and understanding the content of images or video sequences. It encompasses tasks like object detection, recognition, tracking, and scene understanding, often using higher-level algorithms and machine learning techniques. The image processing library is popular among those looking to easily create computer vision tasks. It enables users to get access to high-powered computer vision libraries like OpenCV without needing to learn about file formats, bit depths, color spaces, buffer management, and more. Matplotlib is another great option for an image processing library. It is especially useful as an image module for working with images in Python, and it includes two specific methods for reading and displaying images.

You can customize the rotation further with additional optional parameters. In the next section, you’ll learn about different types of images in the Python Pillow library. Once you call the method, it creates the image files in your project folder. In this example, one of the images is a JPEG image and the other is a PNG image.

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to manipulate images and perform basic image processing using the Python Pillow library. Python Imaging Library (an extension of PIL) is the de facto image processing package for the Python language. It includes simple image processing capabilities to help with image creation, editing, and archiving. In 2011, support for the Python Imaging Library was stopped; however, a project called pillow forked the PIL project and added compatibility for Python 3.x.

This syntax will blend two images, the first source image (source_img1) with a weight of alpha1 and second source image (source_img2). To implement this equation in Python OpenCV, you can use the addWeighted() method. We use The addWeighted() method as it generates the output in the range of 0 and 255 for a 24-bit color image. In summary, OpenCV simplifies the process of working with images and offers extensive functionality, making it an ideal choice for both beginners and experienced developers. Open Source Computer Vision (OpenCV) is a computer vision and machine learning library. Originally released by Intel in 1999, the project has since been taken over by an active community of developers from around the world.

  1. The last image processing library in Python on our list is SimpleCV, which is a popular open-source framework for creating computer vision applications with image processing.
  2. For example, in an RGB image, each pixel is represented by three values corresponding to the red, green, and blue values for that pixel.
  3. It is a powerful open source library implemented in C++ and used for medical image analysis.
  4. In summary, OpenCV simplifies the process of working with images and offers extensive functionality, making it an ideal choice for both beginners and experienced developers.
  5. It’s also often used for exploratory work when dealing with images.
  6. The Canny edge detection method is a popular image processing technique widely used in computer vision applications.

To display the image, you can use the imshow() method of cv2. The OpenCV library accomplishes these tasks with the cv2.Canny() method. In terms of how many characters you type relative to the utility of your program, Python is far more efficient than many other languages. Tasks that would require hundreds or thousands of lines of C or C++ can be accomplished with three or four lines of Python.